Философия

The article is devoted to consideration of a problem of «The Other» in refraction of a social and philosophical view of a place and a role of the person in the conditions of development of the techno-genic civilization creating conditions of transformation of human society in «risk society». The author, noting inevitability of consideration of «The Other», addresses to the analysis of modern philosophical concepts.

The article represents the capsule review of the ontological constructions of the main trends of the Buddhist Philosophy: Sarvastivada, stating that only dharmas are real; Yogachara with its absolutization of the role of consciousness; Madhyamaka with its doctrine of the ineffability of reality. The article critically examines the statements of various modern researchers, such as Karunadasa, F. I. Scherbatskoy, J. Singh, and ancient philosophers, such as Vasubandhu and Nagarjuna, on the ontological problematics.

One can definitely say that as far back as Soviet times and up to the present day the leading scholars of post-Soviet scope (ethnographers, historians and other) treat differently an essence and content of ethnic communities. It is, in particular, referred to such notions as «tribe», «ethnos», and «people». At the same time a definite disagreement is still observed among the specialists on the issue of typology. Taking into consideration this circumstance the present article carries out work on a new classification of the main ethnic communities.

The article develops philosophical aspect of the problem of nonordinary states of consciousness research. The demarcation of terms «altered states of consciousness» and «nonordinary states of consciousness» is based on their phenomenology. Ontology and philosophical anthropology are the context of philosophical comprehension of this problem. The statement about the connection of the problem of nonordinary states of consciousness with human nature and constitution and ultimate states is taken for the initial point.

The article raises a number of philosophical problems related to the concept of “individuality”. The subject areas of philosophy, for which the conceptualization of individuality is important, are defi ned. The main plot is the opposition of the individual and the universal. Thus, the problem of the status of individuality has epistemological, axiological and ontological aspects. The article discusses possible options for conceptualizing individuality.

In a dynamically changing society, the problem of the formation of value attitudes and the preservation of traditions is one of the main and paramount issues for the construction of social relations. State policy aimed at constructive interaction of various institutions responsible for socialization is a guarantee of the stability of social relations themselves.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of immortality in the context of the philosophy of posthumanism. The problem of immortality has always worried humanity. In fairy tales and myths, religious systems and scientific research, it occupies a central place, which relates to the natural desire of a person to live forever. In the philosophy of posthumanism, this problem acquires new meanings, moving from a purely speculative metaphysical field to the sphere of practice.

The article is devoted to the analysis of transformations of social practices and the corresponding forms of personal identifi cation. The article defi nes the concepts of "practice" and "social practice", and indicates their important components. The author asserts that standardization, massifi cation and virtualization are signifi cant trends in the transformation of social practices and personal identifi cation.

It is proved that the superrationality of Christian mystical experience qualitatively diff ers from the superrationality of other mystical traditions. In addition to the superrationality of Eternity as an invariant of all sacred traditions, Christian experience is superrational in the aspect of the Coming state of adoration, which is a task, not a given. This aspect is unique as an attribute of Christian mystical experience only. In the aspect of Eternity, mystical unity with the God is understood in metaphors of rotation, fusion and dissolution.

The actual debate on human identity is dominated by a one-sided definition of person: It focuses on rationality, language and consciousness of time, in brief on self-consciousness. The relevance of the body is constrained to its physiological functions. Yet as lived body it is also an expression of the inner life, of feelings, emotions and mental acts. As expression of the variety of intentional acts the relation of body and mind can be defined as a symbolic relation, as Ernst Cassirer, an important representative of neo-Kantianism, argues.