Психология

The results of our psychological analysis and theoretical reflections of different conceptions and paradigms which deal with the category of situation are presented. Four primary approaches are resolved, namely: stimulus, eventually-biographical, person-centric, and subject-object ones. Each approach represents the corresponding type of situation, namely: an actual situation, a life event, a subjective situation, and a psychological situation. The application of any approach is determined by the purposes and tasks of a specific research.

The paper discusses the fundamental principles of the author’s approach to social-psychological analysis of collective and individual models of the world. The role and significance of four universal characteristics of the world expressed through the notions of randomness (chaos), antagonisticness, mechanisticness, and organismicness and all the relations and processes in the world that determine the evolution of the human society are considered.

The problem of vagrancy is discussed in its historical, sociological, and psychological aspects, primary stages of the social attitude to street children are resolved. Vagrancy is proposed to be considered as a result of the influence of several inequivalent external and internal factors. The processes of urbanization and globalization of our society, conflict situations in contacts with adults and coevals as well as the Russian social-economical crisis are analyzed as the external factors.

Any attempt to give a scientific definition to the concept of responsibility entails certain difficulties. This concept is known to be used in different sciences (psychology, sociology, culturological theory etc.), the subject domain enveloped by it varying every time. Within the framework of various psychological leads the volume of this concept is outlined differently, its content and structure are established.

Basic results of our research of ethnic identity as a major indicator of social-psychological adaptation with some Caucasians by birth (Azerbaijanians, Armenians, Chechens) having large diaspores in the Saratov region and the indigenous Russian population of the Saratov region as an example are presented. A comparative analysis of such indicators of ethnic identity as the positivity/negativity of auto- and heterostereotypes, feelings experienced to their own ethnic group, and aims at interethnic interactions is given.

The article considers psychic self-direction of behavior, learning and professional activity of
Humanities University students from the perspective of systematic and structural approach.
A psychological model of self-direction has been provided. Self-adjustment components as well
as personality characteristics comprising self-direction of young student behavior and activities at
different stages of their studies have been considered.

The article analyzes various classifications of toys suggested by home
and foreign psychologists, psychotherapists and pedagogues. The
author identifies reasons of classifying, enumerates toys not included
into psychological classifications.

The research suggests an attempt to study social creativity as complex
characteristic of personality. The characteristic fosters finding
original and constructive decisions in situations of interpersonal interaction.
The unity of motivational, communicative, intellectual and
existential parameters can be found out in the structure of interrelated
elements of social creativity.

The present article is devoted to system approach to delinquent
behavior prognosis. Specific character of socio-psychological
features and personal features and their interconnection with people,
exhibiting delinquent behavior, has been revealed. The algorithm of
revealing risk groups of delinquent behavior development has been
worked out on the basis of the parameters that have prognostic
importance regarding personality criminalization. Socio-psychological

The article focuses on the logical aspect of communication. The author investigates relationship between some structural features of text and efficiency of memorizing it due to changes in the social situation in which the process takes place. The data described in the article consistent with L. S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory. The assumption about the chronotopic nature of the logic of memorizing text has been proved.