Философия

The article is devoted to consideration of problems of rationality in Karl Marx’s philosophy. The analyzed list of problems of scientific rationality includes the problems of logic, methodology and axiology of social and economic researches. The research for a dialectic method of idealistic philosophy and anthropological thinking precedes the historical novelty of dialectics-materialistic methodology of Marxism. It promoted creation of the complete concept of essence of the person, socio-historical process.

The article is dedicated to the study of the phenomenon of overcoming as the transcendence of human existence and the shaping of the culture of overcoming. The shaping of the culture of overcoming is defined as integrated content development of mankind’s total experience in transcending and spiritualizing the reality. The author develops his own concept of metaphysics of overcoming that models an individual’s spiritual space dynamism and is used throughout history for the cultural removal of the life and death dichotomy.

Vandana Shiva is one of the leaders of modern alter-globalism, a scientist, ecologist, public figure, head of the Navdanya Foundation, which works to preserve biological and cultural diversity in India. Shiva is the author of more than a dozen works in which she expounds her criticism of globalization, which she considers unfair for India and other Third World countries.

In the center of the analysis is the phenomenon of problematicity in the process of evolution of rational structures of cognition, acting as a universal demand that characterizes the cognitive process; the relationship between rational and irrational levels of mastering the world in the form of eidetic cognition. The principle of problematicity is considered in the context of solving problems of scientific activity.

The article discusses modern problems of inheritance and perception of the past from the standpoint of the categorical apparatus of social philosophy. The conceptual bases of the analysis are connected with the comprehension of the heuristic possibilities of the concepts “social space”, “living space”. When analyzing the ontology of social space, three types of spatial relationships should be considered: institutional, spatial-stratification and civilizational.

The purpose of this article is to analyze various approaches to studying the problems of media space in modern society, as well as the definition of clear common characteristics attributed to media space in various theories of media in social philosophy.

The article considers the dialectical correlation between patriotism, morality and spirituality. Spirituality is interpreted as the main condition and basis of all moral qualities and abilities of the human being, including patriotism. In comparison with patriotism as a spiritual quality of the person, spirituality looks like a transcendental condition of personal existence, which allows us to interpret it more fundamental and, therefore, primary phenomenon.

The article is devoted to the conceptualization of the phenomena of culture and civilization, as well as the role of religion in the modern world. The task includes, firstly, the analysis of these phenomena in the framework of the socio-philosophical dimension and secondly, understanding of religion as the center of civilizational ideology, which is expressed in the Judeo-Christian values in the West and the ethics of Islam in the East.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the postmodern philosophical reflection of the problem of posthumanity, in the aspect of analyzing the interrelation between the development of robotics and the increase in tendencies to asexuality. The philosophy of postmodernism, the world view of transhumanism and the philosophical views of cyberfeminism contributed to the formation and development of a new posthumanistic value system, replacing man with some kind of asexual monster, combining a mixture of man, animal and machine.

Philosophy of Rene Guenon, despite not being known to general public and remaining understudied by academic community, is one of the most interesting intellectual events of 20th century. The attempt to classify and define the philosophy of Rene Guenon is presented in the article. In author’s point of view, it is important for scientific study of Guenon’s philosophy.