Философия

In the article, the problem of the religious nature of the existential philosophy of N. A. Berdyaev is considered. It is shown that his understanding of his own philosophy as the existence of the spirit affected the way he understood the issue of freedom. For a philosopher, freedom is a state of mind, and therefore, the problem analyzed is not political and not legal, but exclusively religious.

The article describes the comparative analysis of the concepts of democracy put forward by the representatives of the alternative directions of Russian philosophy at the end of XIX and first half of XX centuries. The author of the article notes the development of the ideas of democracy, observed and described in ancient Greek philosophy, by such thinkers of the Enlightenment as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, and others.

The main idea of the article is attempt to trace and briefly state, on the basis of what preconditions in modern social and humanitarian knowledge, and in particular in specific social and humanitarian disciplines such as philosophy, sociology and anthropology, the revival of ideas and ways of conceptualizing social phenomena of Gabriel Tarda. The aim of the article is to provide the reader with some material on the fact that among representatives of modern anthropology there is a certain turn, or «return», to the so-called mimetic practices.

The article deals with the competition of scientific and pseudoscientific trends in informal knowledge of the social networks. The author obtains new data on the mechanisms of introduction of scientific knowledge into the space of network communication in the post-truth era. She examines the ordinary knowledge, explores the processes of its formalization within the framework of the institutes of professional production of knowledge and deformalization in the conditions of informal Internet communication.

Is it possible to be surprised that cognitive interest in the problem of space, both theoretical and practical, remains stable and even steadily grows along with changes of the ways and character of spatial relations and connections in the society. And is it not natural that this mostly contradictory process depends not only on variability of social and spatial coupling, but also on the point of view of the investigators’ interest. All this opens up new ways of understanding the spatial aspect of social existence in urban conditions.

The synergetic, co-evolutionary interaction of globalization processes, the transition to sustainable development and the formation of solidary relations is analyzed. The content of each of these concepts is revealed, their author’s definition is proposed, their prerequisites, regularities, factors, elements and mechanisms are revealed.

The problem of extraordinary complexity of the universe which is stated on all its floors – from cosmology to biology is analyzed. This problem is a subject of polemic dialogue between science and theology, between creationism and an evolutionism. The arguments of supporters of “the God’s plan” appeal to the fact that such a difficult balance of the universe couldn’t arise without a preliminary reasonable plan. Research of this problem reveals the following paradox. Such a complicated balance couldn’t be result of a blind case.

The study of social networks, interactions, and relationships has a long history in academia. That social networks play a central role in religious life of recent society is well accepted by most social scientists. For instance, they are crucial for the recruitment and affiliation of members, the diffusion of religious ideas and practices, motivating people of faith to volunteer and become politically activity. Still, however, much work remains at the level of defining the phenomenon of online religion.

The issues of the ability to manipulate social consciousness are extremely relevant and are in the field of interdisciplinary discussions. Different subjects, structures, organizations, institutes, able to manipulate social relations depending on the goals set are singled out. The actively discussed activity of expert communities as an institution partly responsible for the formation of social consciousness is due to a number of reasons. One of the main concerns is the association of the communities with the political forces and their partial dependence on them.

The article deals with the eco-ethical aspects of human being, designed to preserve and multiply the vital phenomena of mankind in the geocosmic space-time. The dynamic development of civilization creates not only opportunities for preserving human life, but also creates new threats, including environmental problems that have the greatest impact on important aspects of human existence: health, values, needs.