Философия

This article analyzes the Russian national idea in the context of contemporary realities, where new content join to the national idea. It is emphasized that the national idea is a process of self-realization of the nation as a subject in historical process through the formation of «we-identity». It argues that the national idea has heuristic sense, not only in the perspective of self-determination in Russia, but also a world-historical significance.

Article contains a problematic view at an opportunity to establish
historical field exceptionally in a context of language interpretativeness.
Because revealing of necessary aspects of the reality seen from
prospect of history becomes possible only under condition of realization
of essentially new description of a way of reflection about the world.
That, as a matter of fact, means detection of the certain historical period
limited to language toolkit.

The phenomenological method is directed not at studying of specialized forms of knowledge (as a science, for example), but at «daily knowledge», reality of the «Lebenswelt», previous to all theoretical systems. Its main theoretical source is the phenomenology of E. Husserl, recycled by A. Schutz to phenomenological sociology. Process of formation of the person occurs in interrelation with environment. Social order is a product of man, or rather, continuing human production. It created by man in the process of externalization.

The author analyzes reflections and meanings of the russian idea. The
author based his research on studies of religious sources and special
literature on problems of history of Russian philosophy and elaborates
upon the vivid expression of the Russian idea as «Mother Russia». At
the same time the author researches the antinomy of religious and
political meanings of such concepts as «Moscow is the Third Rome»
and «The Great Russia».

Focused on memory studies scientists pay attention to so-called
«traumas» – personal, individual; «traumas» of consciousness and
memory. We believe that it’s important to consider the influence of
psychoanalysis on «memory» problem within the framework of «memory
studies» research.

This article presents an analytical review of the existing in academic and political areas interpretations of the phenomenon of «global terrorism». Exposed intellectual and ideological positions are structured according to acknowledged periodization of the European Universal history conception, i.e. under the sign of tradition, modern and postmodern. Each of these directions produces one’s conceptual vision of the phenomenon of terrorism, names its reasons and gives recommendations to solute the problem.

In the article the potential of tragic as strong factor of influence upon moral spirit of man in the sphere of electronic virtual (computer) reality (EVR) are analyzed. EVR is considered as a special type of «soft» reality, characterized by particular existential-constructive function, which gives one an opportunity to realize his resourses.

The comparative anthropology of Wilhelm Von Humboldt was an important element of the German Historicism formation. At the same time with Friedrih Schlegel, Humboldt substantiated the ontological basis of Historicism. He concretized the Fichte’s concept of development. His doctrine linked metaphysical researches of Early Romanticism and historical method of German historical school.

The article considers psychoanalysis by philosophical method of genealogy. This method dealing with hermeneutics makes it possible to determine the relations of age and sex as sources of social existence. Revealing the links between psychoanalysis and
childhood, both human and humanity in general, the genealogical approach establishes the dependence of modern thinking on myth and symbol that defines the dialectical area of conscious and unconscious.

This article deals with the main aspects of studies of «freedom» as
philosophical category. Special attention is paid to the linguistic peculiarity
of this term and the formation of the definition. It is given a short
analysis of main approaches to the definition of «freedom». In spite
of great variety of scientific references and a number of researches
it is extremely important to proceed studying this theme because of
lack of understanding of this phenomenon as a whole and in order to
avoid misunderstanding.