Introduction. The article reflects the results of the study that made it possible to identify the connection between subjective personality traits and the severity of career orientation, manifested in the desire to improve their knowledge and skills in the chosen field among medical university students. The maturity of the studied career motivation can be an important factor determining the success of future doctors mastering role-related professional behavior. Theoretical analysis. The results of modern research allow us to talk about the importance of the formation of a career orientation “professional competence” for the successful self-realization of young doctors, but do not reveal the features of its relationship with the structural components of the subjective organization of an individual in the conditions of interpersonal interaction. Empirical analysis. Connections were found between motivation for self-improvement in the chosen professional activity, the ability to exercise self-control in communication conditions, as well as manifested ego positions in communication and self-regulation styles. Conclusion. The formation of a career orientation “professional competence” can be an important factor in the successful development of professional role behavior by medical students, subject to the actualization of subjective properties in the conditions of interpersonal interaction: volitional regulation of behavior, the optimal combination of required and demonstrated behavior in communication, the use of optimal styles of self-regulation and interaction strategies.