Reflection of the Concepts “Spirit” and “I” in Nonclassical Philosopy
This article is devoted to the research of the problem of the interconnection of consciousness, self-consciousness and spirit in the works of representatives of nonclassical philosophy. The subject of the study is the reflection of the concepts “I” and “spirit” in the writings of representatives of nonclassical philosophy. First of all, the work analyzes different, sometimes diametrically opposed, views of representatives of nonclassical philosophy on the interconnection of the concepts “spirit” and “I”. The aim of the study is to examine general trends in the direction of thought of representatives of nonclassical philosophy to solve the problem of the spirit in the aspect of its function in consciousness and language. Methodological methods of comparativism, hermeneutics and philosophy of the name are used. In the proposed work, the most striking statements about the relationship between the “spirit” and the “I” of A. Schopenhauer, F. Nietzsche, S. Kierkegaard, H. G. Gadamera, V. Dilthey, E. Husserl, P. A. Florensky, S. L. Frank, S. Freud, K. G. Young, containing elements of different conceptual approaches and, corresponding to them, solutions to key issues of the indicated problem. The logic of the study leads to a conclusion about the laws of convergence of the solution of metaphysical problems with psychological ones. The study is of practical importance for the development of theoretical courses on the study of key positions in various directions of nonclassical philosophy. Also, the material presented can be used in modern studies of the relationship between self-consciousness and the reflection of the spirit in speech and language.
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