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This article is devoted to the research of the problem of the interconnection of consciousness, self-consciousness and spirit in the works of representatives of nonclassical philosophy. The subject of the study is the reflection of the concepts “I” and “spirit” in the writings of representatives of nonclassical philosophy. First of all, the work analyzes different, sometimes diametrically opposed, views of representatives of nonclassical philosophy on the interconnection of the concepts “spirit” and “I”.

The article analyzes some conceptual models of modern science, which border on metaphysics, that is, when working with them, they require an assessment of their ontological and cognitive status. The concepts of “dark” or “black” matter are considered in connection with the so-called problem of “mass defect”, and negative quantities in mathematics.