Introduction. The article discusses the view on social justice through the prism of the philosophy of Islam, the problem of its study and analysis, from the perspective of explanation and interpretation of sacred texts. The theoretical social base laid down in the Koran and the Sunnah, as well as the social model built during the reign of the four “righteous caliphs” are analyzed. To illustrate the application of the basic methods of Islamic theology to questions of social philosophy, some concrete examples are given. Theoretical analysis. The conducted comparative analysis allows us to conclude that there is a carefully developed theoretical base regulating the issues of social justice in Islam, the need to use a legitimate methodology and tools based on it in deriving certain social norms in order to avoid speculative judgments. Conclusion. The result of this study is the conclusion about the universality of the principles of social justice in the philosophy of Islam, the importance of studying its social function. In this regard the original model laid down in its primary sources is taken as a standard. As an exception to the risks of transformation caused by the influence on Muslim societies of various socio-philosophical, political and other ideas that did not come out of its foundations, it is necessary to consistently apply a certain methodology for analyzing Islamic doctrines.