phenomenology

Introduction. The article reveals some methodological aspects of the phenomenological discussion of the personal subject. The dispute is caused by realistic tendencies in phenomenology, according to which the totality of properties of a thing allows us to assert the existence of their ontological basis, which is contained in the essence of the thing. In the case of a human being, such ontological foundation is the soul, which determines the basic characteristics of the personality that exist prior to any constitution. Theoretical analysis.

In the paper an attempt is taken to comprehend a man’s world through philosophical method of phenomenology. It’s about the unity of phenomenology and philosophy of life in their ontological meaning. This approach helps search for a man’s place in the world, it helps comprehend life processes, and define values and landmarks. E. Husserl’s conception of «the vital world» is considered to become a true standard to follow. It is disclosed through the contraposition with «the world of science».

There is an attempt to recover the logic of perception of the heritage of E. Husserl’s phenomenological philosophy by A. Meneghetti as creator of the ontopsychological theory, presented in article. It emphasizes the importance of E. Husserl’s criticism of psychologism for the subsequent development of psychology and philosophy. It discusses the specifics of the Cartesian understanding of the relation between consciousness and human existence by ontopsychology and phenomenology.

In the article author reflects on the problem of making methodology of the phenomenology of religion under the influence of Husserl's phenomenology. Phenomenology of religion based on some of the basic positions and distinctions that have characterized phenomenological philosophy, such as phenomenological reduction, intentionality, objective and non-objective awareness, pre-reflective awareness, senses of transcendence, inner-time consciousness. M. Sheler one of the main representative of phenomenology of religion.

In this essay phenomenology is explored as a method of pedagogical creativity investigation. Phenomenological approach helps search for the latters source and natural ground of existence. The essay addresses pre-discourse models of upbringing and that provides the possibility of getting deeper into the original experience of existence, which makes phenomenology conterminal to genealogy and destruction.

Phenomenology as Project: to 150th Anniversary of E. Husserle

Historicism as notion has two variants formulated by E. Husserl and K. Popper. Husserl opposed this notion to the eternal ideal of scientific philosophy, Popper opposed it to the «our» epoch knowledge. The overcoming of historicism Husserl sees in the «spiritual motivations» comprehension of mankind development in the «monadic unity of consciousness».

The phenomenological method is directed not at studying of specialized forms of knowledge (as a science, for example), but at «daily knowledge», reality of the «Lebenswelt», previous to all theoretical systems. Its main theoretical source is the phenomenology of E. Husserl, recycled by A. Schutz to phenomenological sociology. Process of formation of the person occurs in interrelation with environment. Social order is a product of man, or rather, continuing human production. It created by man in the process of externalization.

The article analyses the relation of E. Cassirer’s theory of myth to the «Phenomenology of Spirit» by Hegel. The original basis for the theory of mythic thought by E. Cassirer and his philosophy of symbolic forms is Hegel’s philosophy. Carrying out the historicophilosophical investigation, it’s impossible not to notice a direct connection between Cassirer’s analysis of symbolic forms and Hegel’s phenomenology of spirit – the detailed structure and architectonics of the «Philosophy of Symbolic Forms» reproduces Hegel’s dialectic to the smallest detail.

In the center of the analysis is the phenomenon of problematicity in the process of evolution of rational structures of cognition, acting as a universal demand that characterizes the cognitive process; the relationship between rational and irrational levels of mastering the world in the form of eidetic cognition. The principle of problematicity is considered in the context of solving problems of scientific activity.