Introduction. Academic adaptation of foreign students in terms of academic mobility is the basis of academic achievements and is associated with psychological well-being, which serves as a condition for a positive attitude towards the host country. Therefore, the study of the peculiarities of academic adaptation of foreign students will allow us to determine the conditions for their secondary socialization and psychological acceptance of the host country. Theoretical analysis. Academic adaptation of foreign students is associated with problems of cultural stress, awareness, socio-psychological relations of the host party, knowledge of the language for establishing contacts and interaction with local students and everyday problems. Academic problems themselves are considered to a lesser extent. Empirical analysis. The purpose of the study is to analyze the structure and factors of academic adaptation of foreign students. It is assumed that the social characteristics of the academic adaptation of foreigners (communicative, personal) are more pronounced than the psychophysiological ones, reflecting the physical well-being of students, the subjective assessment of their exhaustion and fatigue. Conclusion. As a result of the research, the indicators of personal, emotional and motivational and lower psychophysiological components of academic adaptation were found to be more pronounced than those of Russians. The adaptation of foreign students is conditioned by satisfaction of the basic need for connectedness with others, characterizing the possibilities of their support from relatives, connectedness with them, adaptation of Russian students - with satisfaction of the need for connectedness with others, competence, happiness and life satisfaction. Involvement in the educational activity of students, regardless of their residence status, is the most important factor in academic adaptation.