философия науки

Introduction. The paper claims that each thought experiment, despite of its particular subject, reveals the general principles of the work of the imagination – these are elements of the transcendental scheme, which I. Kant controversially defines as pure representation, that is both intellectual and sensory. In this sense, imagination is the meta-subject of a thought experiment. Theoretical analysis. With the help of thought experiments operating marginal subjects, the necessary synthesis schemes related to fundamental concepts are clarified.

The article is devoted to the study, in the context of the tradition of the philosophy of science, of problems of rationality that are characteristic of the scientific research of Karl Marx. The philosophy of science is understood as a historical process and the historical result of the systematic application of the whole semantic potential of philosophy to the comprehension of the phenomenon of science, the history of science.

The article is dedicated to the study of the problem area of modern philosophy, comprehension of its epistemological status in the system of science of science disciplines. Adverting to the number of basic conceptions of the western and Russian philosophy of science, the author tries to define the philosophy of science and makes an attempt to find out the further perspectives of this research area.

The article is devoted to consideration of problems of rationality in Karl Marx’s philosophy. The analyzed list of problems of scientific rationality includes the problems of logic, methodology and axiology of social and economic researches. The research for a dialectic method of idealistic philosophy and anthropological thinking precedes the historical novelty of dialectics-materialistic methodology of Marxism. It promoted creation of the complete concept of essence of the person, socio-historical process.

This article refers to the analysis of a ratio of science and culture in the context of the new European philosophy. Science as a sociocultural phenomenon always had a special place in culture. Rapid development of science within the last two centuries naturally forces philosophy to look for new approaches to understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge and scientific activity.