разум

В статье представлено соотношение истины и интеллектуаль-
ной свободы. В центре анализа находятся специфика свободы 
в контексте эволюции рациональных структур познания, взаи-
мосвязь нормативной коммуникации и свободы, роль разума в 
развитии форм свободы познания. Познание рассматривается 
в контексте решения проблем человеческого бытия в мире, при 
этом раскрывается значение категорий свободы и истины для 
понимания природы субъекта знания; в частности, исследуются 

Статья посвящена рассмотрению происхождения и этимологии 
термина  «созерцание»,  а  также  изучению  истоков  его  проис-
хождения.    Автором  отождествляются  понятия  «теория»  и  «со-
зерцание», дается рабочее определение понятия «созерцание», 
обозначаются греческие и римские корни исследуемого понятия. 
В качестве истоков происхождения понятия «созерцание» авто-
ром  предлагается  рассмотреть  три  варианта  его  трактовки.  К 
таковым следует отнести понимание созерцания как стремления 

The aim of the article is the philosophical comprehension of some results of medico-anthropological research devoted to the problems of mental disorders in the context of social transformations. Following the tradition laid down by the philosophical work of Michel Foucault on the history of madness in modernity, the author proposes to continue the practice of comprehension of the most significant «fragments of insanity» in our modern world. This approach involves maintaining a dialogue with other forms of thought, including a discipline such as medical anthropology.

Our work is dedicated to the philosophical analysis of the "limit" phenomenon. The author considers the "limit" as a clear symbol devoid of content, which expresses the essential sense of the Symbolic. The "limit" is viewed as a base abstraction - the source of reflection of the cognitive and epistemological instrument and the basis of plurality (the perception of the material world variety).

Article by philosophical and methodological critical explanations of
radical philosophical innovations presented in philosophical knowledge
studies of German classics of the rationale of philosophy as a reason,
form of scientific rationalism of the explosions at an epoch. Exploring the
limits competence of Kant restricts them. In the historical interpretation
of Hegel logic-scientific phenomenon is revealed as a coherent
movement, succession «body» of scientific knowledge.

In the center of the analysis is the phenomenon of problematicity in the process of evolution of rational structures of cognition, acting as a universal demand that characterizes the cognitive process; the relationship between rational and irrational levels of mastering the world in the form of eidetic cognition. The principle of problematicity is considered in the context of solving problems of scientific activity.

In the XXI century, the humanity continues to actively transform the world, technological progress puts rationalism in the first place as a worldview. Of course, the balance between rationalism and irrationalism in one time dimension and cultural space is difficult to achieve, each of these types periodically prevails and therefore has a specific impact on culture. At the same time, periods of changing cognitive and value orientations may be accompanied by crisis phenomena of a moral and ethical nature.