The Art of Being a Human: The Need for Anthropological Practices
The article is devoted to the need to study anthropological practices in modern socio-humanitarian science. The problem of underestimation of the anthropological side of the study of practices is revealed. The main reason for this underestimation is the influence of Marxism on the whole philosophy of the 19th and 20th centhuries. The loss of the authority in science by Marxism and positivism made it possible to make a methodological turn from the world of science to the world of life in the 1950s and 1960s, and in the 1960s – 70s to return to the initial ethical understanding of “practice” as an act, activity aimed at the benefit of a man. In modern science, interest has shifted from the social sciences to the humanities. The Russian philosopher A. Yu. Ashkerov predicts the transformation of social philosophy into social anthropology, the main methodology of which will be existential comparative studies. It is also proved in the article that anthropological phenomena today are the quintessence, the summed entity, more precisely the community, where all possible non-identical to each other beginnings and forces of being exist “inseparably and without merging”. Anthropological is initial, but it is able to realize itself only through individually psychological and social, which is the essence of the form of objectification. However, in order to return to oneself, the anthropological must become non-objectified, and reach the level of self-determination. In cyclicality, in the activity of objectification – reobjectification, a “fabric of history”, a circle of human being, where a person is able to grow up in creativity, is formed.
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