Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical approaches to understanding the intrapsychic mechanisms that generate combat stress and psychotrauma. This article draws the attention of specialists to the psychophysiological and individual-typical factors affecting the occurrence and course of combat PTSD. Theoretical analysis. The stages of research on the consequences of human participation in hostilities conducted over the past century are presented. Scientifi c views on the role of such innate properties of the nervous system as the strength of nervous processes, their balance and dynamism in the development of combat PTSD are considered. The signifi cance of the type of human temperament in his reactions to specifi c combat stress is revealed. The role of plasticity of higher nervous activity as a factor of overcoming pathological environmental factors, including its application in the conditions of military events, is also revealed. Conclusion. In conclusion, the analysis of the factors of overcoming combat stress and psychotrauma manifested in the form of physiological and psychological dysfunctions, including individual factors that determine the mental reactions of participants in combat operations, is carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the most effective ways to correct the general functional state of the psyche and neuromuscular apparatus of the combatant.