Izvestiya of Saratov University.

Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy

ISSN 1819-7671 (Print)
ISSN 2542-1948 (Online)


For citation:

Markov A. V., Shtayn O. A. Medieval futures in Berdyaev and Benjamin: Cinematic thought and the “New Middle Ages”. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy, 2026, vol. 26, iss. 1, pp. 13-21. DOI: 10.18500/1819-7671-2026-26-1-13-21, EDN: ELYFKS

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).
Full text:
(downloads: 1)
Language: 
Russian
Heading: 
Article type: 
Article
UDC: 
1(470+571+430)(09)+791
EDN: 
ELYFKS

Medieval futures in Berdyaev and Benjamin: Cinematic thought and the “New Middle Ages”

Autors: 
Markov Alexander V., Russian State University for the Humanities
Shtayn Oksana A., Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
Abstract: 

Introduction. N. A. Berdyaev’s philosophical texts are characterized by cinematic qualities, reflecting his thinking method based on visual integrity and montage-like construction of meaning. Berdyaev himself noted that the key ideas of his works were inspired by cinema rather than traditional art forms. The literary metaphoricity of his texts is rooted in the experience of the staticity of a cinema-goer. Theoretical analysis. The article explores how cinematic techniques (contrast, montage, pseudo-quotation) structure Berdyaev’s texts, creating an effect of immediate intellectual experience. His anti-theatricality is contrasted with the theatricality of Soviet humanitarian concepts (Bakhtin, Vygotsky), where knowledge is constructed through dialogue with an “audience”. Berdyaev, however, rejects literary conventions, relying instead on cinematic conventions that paradoxically reveal the unconditionality of freedom. His cinematographic engagement serves as a method for juxtaposing diverse cultures and distilling the essence of freedom. Conclusion. A comparison with Walter Benjamin shows that both thinkers saw cinema as a tool to overcome linear time and bourgeois artistic conformism. Yet, while Benjamin analyzes medieval formalism as a lost semiotics, Berdyaev interprets it as an ascetic labor of the spirit, akin to directorial restraint. For Berdyaev, cinema is not merely a metaphor but a philosophical method alternative to theatrical illusion.

Reference: 
  1. Berdyaev N. A. Samopoznaniye (opyt filosofskoy avtobiografi i) [Self-knowledge (The Experience of Philosophical Autobiography)]. Paris, YMCA-Press, 1949. 378 p. (in Russian).
  2. Gaydenko P. P. The Mystical Revolutionism of N. A. Berdyaev. In: Berdyaev N. A. O naznachenii cheloveka [On the Destiny of Man]. Moscow, Respublika, 1993, pp. 5–19 (in Russian).
  3. Bychkov V. V. The Theurgic Aesthetics of Nikolai Berdyaev. In: Estetika: Vchera. Segodnya. Vsegda [Aesthetics: Yesterday. Today. Always]. Moscow, IF RAN Publ., 2005, iss. 1, pp. 39–66 (in Russian).
  4. Rudnev P. A. Teatral’nyye vzglyady Vasiliya Rozanova [Theatrical Views of Vasily Rozanov]. Moscow, Agraf, 2003. 368 p. (in Russian).
  5. Sirotkina I. E. The Sixth Sense of the Avant-garde. Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye, 2014, no. 1 (125), pp. 30–42 (in Russian).
  6. Sirotkina I. E. “How can we know the dancer from the dance?”: Anthropology of Movement and Dance. Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye, 2017, no. 3 (145), pp. 16–30 (in Russian).
  7. Berdyaev N. A. Smysl istorii [The Meaning of History]. Paris, YMCA-Press, 1969. 272 p. (in Russian).
  8. Sedakova O. A. Discourse on the Method. Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye, 1997, no. 5 (27), pp. 177–190 (in Russian).
  9. Gasparov M. L. Zapisi i vypiski [Notes and Extracts]. Moscow, Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye, 2001. 416 p. (in Russian).
  10. Markov A. V. Art Historical Keys to Russian Literature: Vygotsky and Contemporary Debates. Bulletin of Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolai Stoletovs. Series: Social Sciences and Humanities, 2023, no. 2 (38), pp. 35–43 (in Russian).
  11. Berdyaev N. A. Novoye srednevekov’ye [The New Middle Ages]. Berlin, Obelisk, 1924. 143 p. (in Russian).
  12. Matveychev O. A. Third Renaissance or the New Middle Ages? Russian Silver Age on the Renaissance. Logos, 2024, vol. 34, no. 2 (159), pp. 271–284 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.17323/0869-5377-2024-2-271-284, EDN: JPXSYD
  13. Kusenko O. I. “In Love with Florence”. N. A. Berdyaev, the Florentine Quattrocento, and the Mystery of Creativity. Review of Russian Christian Academy for Humanities, 2024, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 117–128 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25991/VRHGA.2024.4.4.009
  14. Benjamin W. Gesammelte Schriften. II, I. Ed. by Rolf Tiedemann and Hermann Schweppenhäuser. Berlin, Suhrkamp Verlag, 1991. 1540 S.
  15. Salnikova E. V. Diegetic Invisible/Vanishing in Silent Cinema and its Origins. The Art and Science of Television, 2022, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 49–78 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.30628/1994-9529-2022-18.1-49-78
Received: 
08.04.2025
Accepted: 
15.11.2025
Published: 
31.03.2026