философия языка

В данной статье рассматривается оппозиция семиотизм – онтоло-
гизм, отражающая различные подходы к языку в философии XX в. 
В рамках семиотики, структурализма и постструктурализма усма-
тривается тенденция к определению языка как знаковой системы, 
основанной на механизмах социально-культурной конвенции и су-
ществующей по автономным законам, отличным от природных. В 
традиции русской философии, напротив, язык имеет неконвенци-
альное происхождение и обладает самостоятельной онтологией. 

The article is devoted to the historical-philosophical reconstruction of the subject on the correlation of the philosophical component of the hermeneutic understanding of language as experience the world of artistic representation in art The concept of the experience represented in art, and experience of understanding the truth reveal the essence of philosophical knowledge, surpassing the limits and boundaries of scientific knowledge.

In this article the notion of the Eco's scriptorium through the theoretical and art comprehension of the semiotic systems is explicated. Author assumed that in the Eco's concept, the phenomenon of the scriptorium correlates with the one of the labyrinth which are related
to three levels of discourse. The concept of the scriptorium is distinguished by a creative and culturally constructive potential of the system which opposes the spatial, textual and ontological levels of the labyrinth structure.

The correlation between the linguistic turn and the turn to ontology is analyzed. The ideal of “pure mind” in classical philosophy is corresponded to epistemological and methodological orientation of philosophical thought, and the turn to language in the philosophy of the ХХ–ХXI centuries is followed by the turn to ontology. It is proved that, despite the contrast, Russian and western philosophy of language have convergence points in the sphere of ontology.

The main subjects of the article are the analysis of Thomas Reid’s conception concerning the “active power” and an attempt to give the definition of it on the basis of this conception. Such an examination hasn't been undertaken in Russian philosophy up to now. The goal of the article is to combine these meanings and to reveal the sense of his conception of this power by stepwise consideration of specific character of every meaning of this present power, outlined fragmentarily in his philosophical works.