Аристотель

The article presents a comparative analysis of the solutions proposed by ancient thinkers for one of the central issues of aesthetics and the philosophy of art relating to the norm of taste. In the grounds of the norm of taste problem lies the dilemma: is a certain something beautiful because we like it, or do we like it, on the contrary, because it is perfectly? In other words, «do artist create the Beauty or appear it within things?». This dilemma had different solutions in ancient philosophy.

The article is devoted to the question of being in Heidegger’s fundamental ontology, namely, his claim to understand the ancient idea of being. In his work “Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning)”, Heidegger distinguishes between the understanding of being as the being of everything that exists and his own understanding of being as such, out of connection with things. He calls the first point the “leading question” and attributes its authorship to Aristotle, the second one – “the main question”.

A researcher dealing with the topic of the presence of Aristotle’s philosophy in the modern Russian space of the humanities is faced with the task of comprehending the origins of the attitude towards Aristotle in the history of Russian science. Aristotle in Russia, unlike Europe, is represented in a rather limited way, and even where he is present, modern Russian philosophy uses a rather narrow layer of thought from his heritage.