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The article is devoted to the principle of freedom as the guiding principle of Russian religious philosophy.

This article is devoted to the conception of autopoiesis given by Chilean
neurobiologists H. Maturana and F. Varela. Autopoiesis as a basic
property of living systems is a foundation for considering of such as
existence, cognition and activity. This conception also makes possible
to explain social processes and cultural phenomena.

In this article the Platos expression «tO.n Ontwj» is explored. Author proposes to appreciate this linguistic intensification (signification of being) in the ontological meaning. The sense of this expression indicates to special surplus comprehension of being. This comprehension requires the corresponding way of speech. In this connection Procluss idea about apophatic and cataphatic speech modes are analyses.

THINKING THE PHILOSOPH ABOUT BEING (ON THE BASIS OF DIARY RECORDS)

The article’s aim is to investigate human existence through the notion of writing, using philosophical concepts of J. Derrida and J.-L. Nancy. Any of our actions or thoughts can be interpreted as acts of writing, located on the surface of touching, in the area, where oneself is opening to the Other. Our existence doesn’t “have sense”, but it itself becomes the sense, being written out. The paper also raises the issue of the idea of self.

The article explores the moral nature of philosophy. The source of philosophy is the duality of human existence. Philosophy is moral in its essence, being a way of life which actualizes the contradictory unity of the dual human nature in thoughts and deeds. Historically, there were three types of understanding the philosophy: the Sophia type, the epistemic type and the technematic type. The Sophia type, first formulated by Pythagoras, comes from the idea of love of wisdom. Being the fullness of knowledge, wisdom is accessible only to God.

The article is devoted to the question of being in Heidegger’s fundamental ontology, namely, his claim to understand the ancient idea of being. In his work “Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning)”, Heidegger distinguishes between the understanding of being as the being of everything that exists and his own understanding of being as such, out of connection with things. He calls the first point the “leading question” and attributes its authorship to Aristotle, the second one – “the main question”.

The subjective well-being of the personality as a subject of the social being is discussed. The various existential space of personality and co-existence as a field criteria and normative basis of well-being are reviewed. The value-semantic basis, experience as a source of feelings of well-being are analyzed. It is noted that the ratio of personality characteristics and subject determine the qualitative content of the subjective well-being. An important role in shaping the personality’s subjective well-being is the procedural aspect of existence.

In the article the specificity of methodological function of nothing as category in philosophy and science is revealed. Special attention is paid to methodological function of this category in existentialism, religious philosophy and theology.