The Ratio of Envy, Subjective Well-Being and Social Skills
The problem of determination of envy, multi-level mechanisms of its regulation is one of the urgent problems in today’s dynamic and highly differentiated society. The study of the relationship of envy, subjective well-being and social skills can reveal the direction of the links between these variables. The study involved 196 people of both sexes (44% of men) aged M = 28.6; SD = 8.5. The research was based on the technique for the diagnosis of personal enviousness and subject areas of envy (T. V. Beskova), methods of measuring subjective well-being of the individual by R. M. Shamionov and T. V. Beskova, the questionnaire of the level of development of social skills (designed by D. N. Khlomov, S. A. Baklushinskii, O. Y. Kazmina on the basis of patterns of social behavior by A. P. Goldstein). The regulating role of social skills (abilities) in the functioning of envy and the role of the latter in the variations of subjective well-being of the individual are determined. It is shown that 14% of variations of envy-dislike, 8% of variations of envy-despondency and 7% of variations of object envy are attributed to the level of possession of social skills. Emotional satisfaction accounts for up to a quarter of the variations of envy in its various manifestations: 22% of the object envy, 14% of envy-dislike, 17% variations of envy-despondency. The results of structural modeling revealed the mediating role of envy in the relationship of social skills and subjective well-being.
1. Labunskaya V. A. Envy, Hopelessness and Hope as a Way of Transforming the Subject’s Being. In: Lichnost’ i bytie: sub”ektnyj podkhod [Personality and Being: a Subject Approach]. Krasnodar, Kuban State University, 2005, pp. 120–137 (in Russian).
2. Labunskaya V. A. “Visible person” as a Socio-Psychological Phenomenon. Social Psychology and Society, 2010, no. 1, pp. 26–39 (in Russian).
3. Dontsov A. I. Fenomen zavisti [Phenomenon of envy. Homo invidens?]. Moscow, Eksmo, 2014. 512 c. (in Russian).
4. Beskova T. V. Sotsial’no-psikhologicheskaya struktura i determinanty zavisti [Socio-Psychological Structure and Determinants of Envy]. Saratov, Publishing house Sarat. university, 2013. 324 p. (in Russian).
5. Shamionov R. M. The Link «Subjective» Personal Properties and Envy. Izv. Saratov Univ. (N. S.), Ser. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy, 2010, vol. 10, iss. 4, pp. 93–98 (in Russian).
6. Shamionov R. M. Envy as an Effect of Socialization of the Person in Conditions of Insuffi cient Possession of Social Skills. Izv. Saratov Univ. (N. S.), Ser. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy, 2018, vol. 18, iss. 2, pp. 214–219 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2018-18-2-214-219
7. Muzdybaev K. Envy of Personality. Psychologicheskii journal, 2002, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 42–43 (in Russian).
8. Anderson M. K. Concretization and Envy. Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis, 2011, vol. 19 (1), pp. 125–131.
9. van de Ven N., Zeelenberg M. & Pieters R. Leveling Up and Down: The Experiences of Benign and Malicious envy. Emotion, 2009, vol. 9 (3), pp. 419–429.
10. van de Ven N., Zeelenberg M., Pieters R. Warding Off the Evil Eye: When the Fear of Being Envied Increases Prosocial Behavior. Psychological Science, 2010, vol. 21 (11), pp. 1671–1677.
11. van de Ven N., Zeelenberg M. & Pieters R. Why Envy Outperforms Admiration. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2011, vol. 37 (6), pp. 784–795.
12. Debbane E. Envy and Its Relation to Destructiveness. Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis, 2011, vol. 19 (1), pp. 108–124.
13. Navarro-Carrillo G., Beltran-Morillas A. M., ValorSegura I., Exposito F. The Pernicious Effects of Malicious versus Benign Envy: Perceived Injustice, Emotional Hostility and Counterproductive Behaviors in the Workplace. Span J. Psychol., 2018, vol. 21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2018.49
14. Lange J., Paulhus D.L., Crusius J. Elucidating the Dark Side of Envy: Distinctive Links of Benign and Malicious Envy with Dark Personalities. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2018, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 601–614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217746340
15. Shamionov R. M. The Relationship of Envy and Characteristics of Objective and Subjective Economic WellBeing of the Individual. Experimental Psychology, 2019, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 77–87 (in Russian).
16. Yu Zh., Hao J., Shi B. Dispositional Envy Inhibits Prosocial Behavior in Adolescents with High SelfEsteem.Personality and Individual Differences, 2017, vol. 122, pp. 127–133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.022
17. Beskova T. V., Shamionov R. M. Features of Subjective Well-Being of Subjects of Envy and Rivalry. Russian Psychological Journal, 2011, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 9–18 (in Russian).
18. Espin A. M., Moreno-Herrero D., Sanchez-Campillo J., Rodriguez Martin J. A. Do Envy and Compassion Pave the Way to Unhappiness? Social Preferences and Life Satisfaction in a Spanish City. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2018, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 443–469. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9828-8
19. Karapetyan L. V., Glotova G. A. Structural model of emotional and personal well-being. Natsional’nyy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal [National Psychological Journal], 2018, no. 2 (30), pp. 46–56 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.11621/npj.2018.0206
20. Cohen-Charash Y., Larson E. C. An Emotion Divided: Studying Envy is Better Than Studying “Benign” and “Malicious” Envy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2017, vol. 26, iss. 2, pp. 174–183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721416683667
21. Beskova T. V. Methods of Diagnostics of Envy. Voprosy psychologii [Voprosy Psychologii], 2012, no. 2, pp. 127–141 (in Russian).
22. Shamionov R. M., Beskova T. V. Methods of Diagnostics of Subjective Well-being of the Person. Psikhologicheskie Issledovaniya, 2018, vol. 11, no. 60, p. 8. Available at: http://psystudy.ru (accessed 5 May 2019).
23. Khlomov D. N., Bakushinskii S. A., Kazmina O. Rukovodstvo po otsenke urovnya razvitiya sotsial’nogo povedeniya starsheklassnikov [Guidelines for the Assessment of the Level of Development of Social Behaviour of High School Students]. Moscow, Center of sociology of education RAO, 1993. 147 p. (in Russian).
24. Shamionov R. M. Envy in the System of Socio-Economic Attitudes and Activity of the Individual. Theoretical and Experimental Psychology, 2011, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 46–52 (in Russian).
25. Khashchenko V. A. Psikhologiya ekonomicheskogo blagopoluchiya [Psychology of economic well-being]. Moscow, In-t psikhologii RAN, 2012. 426 p. (in Russian).