Izvestiya of Saratov University.

Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy

ISSN 1819-7671 (Print)
ISSN 2542-1948 (Online)


Full text:
(downloads: 72)
Language: 
Russian
Heading: 
Article type: 
Article
UDC: 
172.16

The Problems of Bioethics in Modern Science: Philosophical Aspect

Autors: 
Luzina Irina I., Saratov State University
Abstract: 

The constructive solution of the diverse essential problems of human life in the space-time continuum of life involves an explanation of the specifics of the development of life on Earth from the perspective of bioethics. In the article, the human world and all living organisms of the biosphere are considered as unified dynamic and organic integrity. The principles of bioethics acquire an important role for the civilizational interaction of nature, a man and society within the framework of a single global system of life. They allow a person to comprehend the infinity and eternity of the development of life and the infinity of human existence. And also, from a moral point of view, they allow us to evaluate our life activity, our place and role in the natural universe. The problem of understanding the essence of life and valuable human existence can be considered as a violation of the elementary ethical standards of life preservation by an industrial society. As a result of the rapid praxiological development of the technosphere of life, the principles of bioethics acquire the fundamental status of a person’s moral culture. In the article, the achievement of a safe state of human life as a benefit of a healthy life is related to the determining basis of the biopsychosocial well-being of a person and the world of life in general on Earth. Therefore, bioethical principles – the reverence for life and vitality – are described through biosocial categories of life, which are a guideline for substantiating various strategies for the sustainable development of the nature-man-society system. Consideration of the problems of bioethics in modern science is relevant in methodological, theoretical and practical respects. The topic of the article opens a new perspective on the development of theories and fundamentally applied generalizations in the field of philosophy.

Reference: 

1. Kolisnik I. I. Biogeofilosofskoe osmyslenie zhizni [Biophilosophical Understanding of Life]. Ed. by V. B. Samsonov. Saratov, NPC JeMOS Publ., 2006. 187 p. (in Russian).

2. Jung C.G. Symbols of Transformation, Princeton University Press, 1967. 245 p. (Russ. ed.: Jung K.G. Psihologiya bessoznatel’nogo. Moscow, Kanon Publ., 1994. 320 p.).

3. Lorenz K. Das sogenannte Bose. Zur Naturgeschichte der Aggression. Wien, G. Borotha-Schoeler, 1963. 317 S. (Russ. ed.: Lorenc K. Agressiya (tak nazyvaemoe «zlo»). Moscow, RIMIS Publ., 2009. 349 p.).

4. Darwin Ch. R. Proiskhozhdenie cheloveka i polovoy otbor. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy [The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. Complete works: in 2 vols. Vol. II, book 1]. Moscow, Leningrad, Gos. Izdatelstvo, 1927, pp. 43–61 (in Russian).

5. Kharbakh Kh. Biological evolution and altruistic behavior. Sotsiologicheskiy zhurnal [Sociological Journal], 1997, no. 1–2, pp. 38–47 (in Russian).

6. Efroimson V. P. Pedigree of altruism. Novyy mir [New World], 1961, no. 10. pp. 193–214 (in Russian).

7. Mechnikov I. I. Etyudy optimizma [Etudes of Optimism]. Moscow, Nauka Publ, 1988. 328 p. (in Russian).

8. Yarotskiy A. I. Al’truisticheskaya moral’ i ee individualisticheskoe obosnovanie [Altruistic morality and its individualistic rationale]. Yur’ev, Tipografi ya K. Mattisena, 1914. 58 p. (in Russian).

9. Efroimson V. P. Genetika etiki i estetiki [Genetics of Ethics and Aesthetics] St. Petersburg, Talisman Publ., 1995. 288 p. (in Russian).

10. Guseynov A. A. Reverence for Life: The Gospel of Schweizer. In: Shveytser A. Blagogovenie pered zhizn’yu [Reverence for life]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1992, pp. 522–545 (in Russian).

11. Jahr F. Bio Ethik. Eine Umschau u ber die ethischen Beziehungen des Menschen zu Tier und Pfl anze. Kosmos. Handweiser fu r Naturfreunde, 1927, Bd. 24, no. 1, S. 2–4.

12. Sass H. M. Geburt der Bioethik in Halle an der Saale im Jahre 1926. Briefe – Zur Orien tierung im Konfl ikt Mensch – Erde, 2013, no. 106, 1, S. 6–10.

13. Arkhiepiskop Ioann San-Frantsiskiy. Izbrannoe [Selected works]. Petrozavodsk, Svyatoy ostrov Publ., 1992. 575 p. (in Russian).

14. Gosudarstvennyi doklad “O sostoyanii i ob okhrane okruzhayushchei sredy Rossii skoi Federatsii v 2018 godu” [On the State and Environmental Protection of the Russian Federation in 2018]. Moscow, Minprirody Rossii, NPP “Kadastr” Publ., 2019. 888 p. (in Russian).

15. Mechnikov I. I. Etyudy o prirode cheloveka [Etudes on the Nature of a Man]. Moscow, AN SSSR Publ., 1961. 290 p. (in Russian).