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The article is devoted to some problems of modern natural science in
philosophical context of ontological categories «chance and necessity»,
«the One and the Multiple». Particularly, author examines problem of
existence of one world or multiple possible universes, constitution of
fundamental physical constants, set of conditions required for beginnings
and spread of life in the Universe. Duality of relations between
categories «chance» and «the One and the Multiple» is substantiated,

The article considers the ontological significance of the objective phenomenology of Alain Badiou, as it is presented in his works «Logic of worlds» and «Second manifesto for philosophy». The author compares Badiou’s phenomenology with the phenomenological projects of Husserl and Heidegger, noting its subject less character.