METHODOLOGY

The article considers the methodological foundations of international and Russian studies of mentality within the framework of different approaches in the XIX–XX centuries. Having analyzed interpretations of the categories mentality and mental setup and their interrelation in a number of studies, the author’s justification of the differentiation of these categories in social philosophy is offered.

The article considers modern methodological approachers to professional training pedagogic personnel for the sphere of complementory education of children. The author is based the necessity for systematic integration into preparation of actual methodological principles which is realized in two educational spheres – complementory education of children and professional pedagogic education. 

In the article genesis of public consciousness is presented as the motion from primary sinkretichnost through differentiation and polarization to the prospects of spirit forms’ integration. Research of public consciousness forms co-operation is possible within the framework of methodological approaches, based both on separate philosophical conceptions and studies and on general methodologies of scientific-cognitive activity.

Introduction. The article discusses the view on social justice through the prism of the philosophy of Islam, the problem of its study and analysis, from the perspective of explanation and interpretation of sacred texts. The theoretical social base laid down in the Koran and the Sunnah, as well as the social model built during the reign of the four “righteous caliphs” are analyzed. To illustrate the application of the basic methods of Islamic theology to questions of social philosophy, some concrete examples are given. Theoretical analysis.