essence

Introduction. The article reveals some methodological aspects of the phenomenological discussion of the personal subject. The dispute is caused by realistic tendencies in phenomenology, according to which the totality of properties of a thing allows us to assert the existence of their ontological basis, which is contained in the essence of the thing. In the case of a human being, such ontological foundation is the soul, which determines the basic characteristics of the personality that exist prior to any constitution. Theoretical analysis.

The article examines the classical Aristotelian concept of truth as the correspondence of knowledge knowable subject. Under this concept, the complex structure of the truth as consisting of logical, causal and metaphysical aspects is demonstrated. The concept of truth is revealed through analysis of the relationship of these aspects within a holistic picture of philosophy of Aristotle. The connection of truth with the categories of logic, the notion of essence as unity of matter and form, with the teachings of Aristotle about the mind and God’s mind is emphasized.

Article argues that «metaphysics of universal unity»`s paradigm is general base of Russian religious philosophy. Author proves that problems of forming of «metaphysics of universal unity»`s paradigm consolidated creative energies of famous Russian philosophers as V.Soloviov, S.Frank, L.Karsavin, P.Florenskiy, S.Bulgakov. Article emphasized Russian philosophers’ common positions in methodology and ontology.

The article deals with the investigation of the question of Nietzsche’s understanding of historicity of the stages of nihilist formation. The author examines the tendency of the positioning of formation of the essence which is distinctive for Nietzsche’s and Heidegger’s ontological historicism. Special attention is devoted to comparison of the hermeneutics of nihilist formation in the ontological discourse of Heidegger and Derrida.