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The article is devoted to the study, in the context of the tradition of the philosophy of science, of problems of rationality that are characteristic of the scientific research of Karl Marx. The philosophy of science is understood as a historical process and the historical result of the systematic application of the whole semantic potential of philosophy to the comprehension of the phenomenon of science, the history of science.

Article presents various approaches to the problem of tolerance: in context of special natural qualities of the personality, or assimilated into the educational process, as a characteristic of interpersonal relationships in small groups as a principle of social interaction within the framework of the philosophy of liberalism. Current methodological approaches to the problem are highlight.