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The paper is devoted to the socio-philosophical analysis of sex and gender with the help of the comparative historical method of genealogy in the unity of biological, social and symbolic dimensions. The origin, relevance and history of “male – female” relationships are analyzed. It reveals the complexity and multy-dimensionality of social reality including history and tradition, mythology and metaphysics. “Male” and “female” are understood as constitutive social ontological sources of the cultural picture of the world.

In the article described materials of experimental-psychological research based on abilities children of preschool years to recognize emotions. The described features and differences recognitions of emotions in the perceptions different types of incentives: picture story and expression emotions other people. Shows the dependence of successful emotion recognition and successful expression emotional state children.