logic

The article characterizes the concept of «fact» in the philosophy B. Russell and L. Wittgenstein. Analyzed the position these scientists. Identifies similarities and differences in understanding the issues the problems of fact in the philosophy of neo-positivism and the so-called first positivism. The fact becomes is not the original reality, but a conceivable limits of the logical analysis of statements. 

The article focuses on the logical aspect of communication. The author investigates relationship between some structural features of text and efficiency of memorizing it due to changes in the social situation in which the process takes place. The data described in the article consistent with L. S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory. The assumption about the chronotopic nature of the logic of memorizing text has been proved.