ПОЗИТИВИЗМ

In article cardinal principles of conception of the Russian culture essential development by the domestic scientist K.D. Kavelin are stated. He proves historical development by active subject position of the person. In the given statement the accent is made on the following objects: history, law, morals.

The article characterizes the concept of «fact» in the philosophy B. Russell and L. Wittgenstein. Analyzed the position these scientists. Identifies similarities and differences in understanding the issues the problems of fact in the philosophy of neo-positivism and the so-called first positivism. The fact becomes is not the original reality, but a conceivable limits of the logical analysis of statements. 

There is amount of problems associated with the specific historical knowledge. Historian faced
with such problems as lack of source material for the task. Therefore method of historical
reconstruction becomes urgent. Historical reconstruction provides a holistic view of the past,
despite the incomplete and fragmentary historical sources.