свобода

This article deals with the main aspects of studies of «freedom» as
philosophical category. Special attention is paid to the linguistic peculiarity
of this term and the formation of the definition. It is given a short
analysis of main approaches to the definition of «freedom». In spite
of great variety of scientific references and a number of researches
it is extremely important to proceed studying this theme because of
lack of understanding of this phenomenon as a whole and in order to
avoid misunderstanding.

In the article, the problem of the religious nature of the existential philosophy of N. A. Berdyaev is considered. It is shown that his understanding of his own philosophy as the existence of the spirit affected the way he understood the issue of freedom. For a philosopher, freedom is a state of mind, and therefore, the problem analyzed is not political and not legal, but exclusively religious.

The article describes the comparative analysis of the concepts of democracy put forward by the representatives of the alternative directions of Russian philosophy at the end of XIX and first half of XX centuries. The author of the article notes the development of the ideas of democracy, observed and described in ancient Greek philosophy, by such thinkers of the Enlightenment as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, and others.

Vandana Shiva is one of the leaders of modern alter-globalism, a scientist, ecologist, public figure, head of the Navdanya Foundation, which works to preserve biological and cultural diversity in India. Shiva is the author of more than a dozen works in which she expounds her criticism of globalization, which she considers unfair for India and other Third World countries.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problem of professional success of the teacher. The urgency of the problem is determined by the specifics and trends in the development of the socio-professional space, which requires from the teacher to be ready to actualize personal and professional advantages in the conditions of the modern socio-cultural environment and in accordance with the requirements imposed on the teacher’s professional functionality.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the artistic-figurative objectification of the idea of the Overman in M. Gorky‘s literary works. The study addresses the problem of Gorky’s Nietzscheanism, his receptive dialogue with F. Nietzsche’s philosophy and the semantic development of the Ubermensch concept. The aim of the work is to identify the forms of artistic embodiment of the Overman idea and the peculiarities of its semantic interpretation in typical characters of Gorky’s early works.

The article deals with the problem of the religious nature of the existential philosophy of N. A. Berdyaev and L. I. Shestov. A comparative analysis of their concepts in relation to the Christian interpretation of freedom has been carried out. It is shown that the concept of freedom can be expressed not only by its own semantic meaning (semantics), but also be reflected in the intuitive experience of existential cognition. Thus, the substantial freedom in the personal perception of N. Berdyaev and L.

The main subject of the article includes the characteristics of the evolution of consciousness and culture in general from the standpoint of the synergetic philosophy of history exploring the evolution of complex socio-cultural systems, the processes of selforganization at the phenomena level (non-equilibrium, bifurcation) and at the level of essence (selection, super-selection).

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of freedom in the conditions of modern Russian consumer society. The relevance of this problem is expressed in replacing the understanding of the meaning of freedom as the freedom “for” with such an understanding, which includes the interpretation associated with such a phenomenon as consumerism, that does not allow to perceive it as a true universal freedom. Various philosophical concepts of modernity are aimed at criticism of consumption as an attribute of post-capitalist society.

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the doctrinal identification of freedom and inequality by classical liberalism and neoliberalism. Identifying the features of the naturalistic and theological approaches to the manifestation of inequality in human communities, the author notes the philosophical justification of the legal argumentation of inequality in the theories of natural law and the social contract of modern thinkers.