Philosophy

The article is devoted to the specifics of the study of fundamentalism in social philosophy. Particular attention is given to the demarcation of religious communities in social philosophy with respect to this problem of definition of fundamentalism. To describe the dynamics of change - extremely ductile phenomenon – religious fundamentalism – requires selection of species traits groups. Comparative analysis leads us to the effect of «new religions» or «religion of the New Age». Fundamentalist groups have similarities to the «Religion» New Age.

The article is devoted to consideration of the anthropological project of L. Binswanger. According to his conception before addressing to the research of pathology of any given individual, it is necessary to understand what it means to be the person. And, it follows that the psychiatry gets into a field of the human sciences. Binswanger makes an attempt to transfer the fundamental ontology of Heidegger on the field of psychoanalytic practice, aspiring to overcome the subject – objective opposition and to investigate perceptual existence of the person in the world.

The article is devoted to phenomenon of forgetting as an integral element of dialogue of cultures in the being globalized world. It is possible to allocate not only ways of preservation of historical memory, but also types of forgetting in a context of sharp social transformations of society. A specific of historical amnesia in the conditions of modern Russian society consists in an attempt to correlate phenomena of live, communicative memory to essentially other political symbolics.

The article reveals the peculiarities of «linguistic paradigm» by K.-O. Apel, who has reconstructed historico-humanistic tradition in German philosophy of the language and hermeneutics. The philosopher created his original conception by transforming Kant’s transcendental philosophy seeking the answer to the question about the creation of the conditions for the possible sensible argumentation in modern society, which could be based on language, communication and ethics of joint responsibility.

The article author examines the country’s post-Soviet (post-1991) development stages in terms of its both political and economic modernization. The author notes that at the first stage of reforms, the Russian government used a reflected scenario when implementing the reforms while copying the Western development scenario for the most part. Eventually, the government has managed to build an imperfect political and economic model which was rejected by the broad public. In the end, under Putin, it led to the change in the modernization vector.

The article is devoted to a problem of a subject of inter-civilization dialogue between Russia and China. The author proves a methodological and theoretical legitimacy of civilizational approach to solution of the problem of determination of moral grounds of this subject. Based on the indentified methodological positions, he carries out a comparative analysis of value of the spiritual-moral priorities of cultural traditions of Russia and China. It is based on the idea of «person – а moral force», V. S. Solovyov and the ideal of «the noble husband» Confucius.

The article deals with one of the important problems of social philosophy – the problem of the relation of social being and social consciousness. Using the conceptual framework of classical philosophy, the authors give a modern interpretation of the basic question of philosophy, and refers to the events in Russia of the late XX – early ХХI centuries. This is not by accident, since these events are truly momentous in its history. The article concludes that modernity confirms the importance and the actuality of the basic question of social philosophy.

This article is devoted to the analysis of problems and specifics of theological discourse in Antiquity. The article deals with the categorical apparatus of ancient philosophy, which was later reinterpreted by Christian theologians. Interaction of Theology in its formation with the philosophy and the natural sciences was very intense and fruitful. Reasons communicative proximity of theology and philosophy are seen us in the style of human thinking. Ancient philosophers have tried to find the fundamental basis of being the world and man.

In the paper the problem of applicability of scientific criterions in the process of construction of humanitarian theory. Subjectness, objectivity, truth, validity, verification, falsification as criterions were formed in natural sciences. These criteria should be interpreted in a new way in view of specificity of humanitarian knowledge. The analysis of the problem is based on studying a historical example of construction of a humanitarian theory. As an example experience of construction of the theory of law by Hans Kelsen in jurisprudence is examined.